Chemical doping of single-wall carbon nanotubes.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes can be doped, or intercalated, with electron donors or acceptors, similar to graphite and some conjugated polymers. The resulting materials show many of the same features: enhanced electrical conductivity, conduction electron paramagnetism, partial or complete reversibility, and cyclability. Reactions may be carried out in vapor or liquid phase, or electrochemically. Structural information is sketchy at best, due to the limited quality of currently available materials and solvent-related effects. Recent developments in coagulation-based fiber extrusion and partially aligned materials offer new opportunities for novel material modifications by chemical doping.